|
By the name ‘the rescuers’ or ‘the helpers’ (Arabic: حزب النجادة | ''An-Najjadah'', ''Najjadah'', ''Najjadeh'' or ''Najjada'') is known as a Lebanese nationalist party of Fascist trend that appeared in Lebanon during the 1930s. ==Origins== Lebanon in the 1930s witnessed the emergence of two paramilitary youth sport organizations of sectarian cast with clear fascist tendencies in Beirut and other Lebanese cities, the Lebanese Phalanges led by Pierre Gemayel and the Najjadah. The latter began its existence in 1933-34 as a Sunni Muslim boy-scouts organization founded and led by Muhi al-Din al-Nasuli, the editor of the influential pan-Arabist Muslim newspaper, “Beirut” (Arabic: ''Bayrut''),〔(Zami, ''Lebanon's quest'' (2000), p. 226 )〕 with the purpose of protecting the Muslim community and to act as a counterweight to the Phalangists. A keen admirer of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini – whom were viewed at the time in both Syria and Lebanon as role models of strong statebuilders – al-Nasuli’s newspaper (among others) was involved since 1933 in publishing Hitler's speeches and excerpts from Mein Kampf. He often criticized the "moral chaos" in public life and adopted the supremacist motto "Arabism Above All" on his own newspaper's masthead. Al-Nasuli's ''Bayrut'' also published glowing accounts of German youth's support of Hitler, featuring illustrated articles on girls in the ''Bund Deutscher Mädel'', the female branch of the Hitler Youth.〔(Thompson, ''Colonial citizens'' (2000), p. 193 )〕 The leader of the anti-British Palestine Arab guerillas in 1936-1939, upon his return from a trip to Germany, was idolized on the ''Bayrut'' pages, with both the information and the editorials being presented by al-Nasuli himself.〔(''Palestine affairs'', Vols 1-4 (1946), p. 115 )〕 Although al-Nasuli promoted the Najjadah as the Muslim equivalent of the Christian-dominated Phalanges,〔(Rabinovich, ''The war for Lebanon'' (1989), p. 80 )〕 and Sunni Muslim students from the schools run by the Maqasid Islamic Charitable Association provided him a pool of potential recruits, the group initially lacked much of the dynamism and organizational skills of their Christian rivals.〔(Longrigg, ''Syria and Lebanon under French mandate'' (1972), p. 359 )〕 It did not attract a mass following until 1936 when Adnan al-Hakim, a Sunni university teacher and politician rose to the leadership of the organization and re-organized it into a structured political party, which grew rapidly thereafter. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Najjadeh Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|